Tag Archive for: Movember

Know your testes: testicular cancer, self-awareness and Movember

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Movember is a good time to talk openly about men’s health. Testicular cancer is uncommon overall, but it matters because it often affects teenagers and younger adults, and a new lump can be easy to dismiss or feel awkward to discuss. Knowing what is usual for your body can help you notice a change and seek advice.

How common is testicular cancer in Australia?

Cancer Australia estimates that 1,040 people will be diagnosed with testicular cancer in Australia in 2025. The estimated lifetime risk for males is about 1 in 188 by age 85. The rate is highest in men aged 30–34, although it can occur at other ages. Testicular cancer is one of the more common cancers in younger men. [1,2]

The outlook is generally very good. For Australians diagnosed from 2017 to 2021, five-year relative survival was 98%. This is a population estimate: an individual’s outlook depends on the cancer type, stage, tumour markers, health and response to treatment. Many testicular cancers, including some that have spread, can be cured with modern treatment. [1,2]

What does “regular self-examination” mean?

There is no national screening program or recommended screening interval for testicular cancer. Research has not shown that scheduled self-examination of people without symptoms reduces deaths, and a Cochrane review found no randomised trials that tested whether screening by self-examination or a clinician prevents testicular-cancer deaths. Cancer Council Australia therefore does not recommend population screening. [3,4]

That is different from being familiar with your own body. Movember’s “Know Thy Nuts” campaign encourages men to learn what feels normal and to get changes checked. A practical approach is to check in with yourself from time to time, such as in the shower, without treating it as a test that can rule cancer in or out. If you have a higher-risk history, discuss an individual plan with your GP or urologist. [3,5]

A simple way to get familiar with what is normal

  1. Warm water can relax the scrotal skin, making it easier to feel the testicles.
  2. Examine one testicle at a time. Gently roll it between your thumb and fingers; do not squeeze hard.
  3. Notice its usual size, shape and feel. It is common for one testicle to hang lower or be slightly larger than the other.
  4. The epididymis, a soft, slightly ridged tube along the back of each testicle, is normal anatomy. It can be mistaken for a lump when you are not familiar with it.
  5. Pay attention to a new firm lump on the testicle, a change in size or shape, new swelling, a feeling of heaviness, or a persistent ache.

There is no need to follow a rigid monthly schedule. The useful point is to know what is usual for you and to arrange a medical review if something changes. Self-checking cannot diagnose cancer, and a normal-feeling testicle does not replace assessment of symptoms.

When should you see a doctor?

Arrange a prompt appointment with your GP if you find a new lump or notice persistent swelling, a change in size or shape, heaviness, or an ache in the testicle, scrotum or lower abdomen. Most scrotal changes are not cancer, but they deserve assessment rather than guesswork. A sudden, severe testicular pain needs urgent emergency assessment because conditions such as testicular torsion can threaten the testicle and require rapid treatment. [2,6]

Movember notes that a GP can ask about symptoms, examine the testicles and arrange an ultrasound or blood tests when needed. It is reasonable to ask when and how you will receive results, and to follow up if you have not heard back. [5]

What types of testicular cancer are there?

Most testicular cancers start in germ cells, the cells that develop into sperm. They are grouped into two main categories: [2,7]

  • Seminoma: Often grows and spreads more slowly than non-seminoma. It is most often diagnosed in adults roughly 25–45 years old, but can occur outside this range. A rare spermatocytic type tends to occur in older men.
  • Non-seminoma: More common in younger men, often from the late teens to early 30s. The main cell types are embryonal carcinoma, yolk-sac tumour, choriocarcinoma and teratoma. A tumour may contain more than one type; mixed tumours are generally managed as non-seminoma.
  • Stromal tumours: These arise from hormone-producing or supporting cells, such as Leydig or Sertoli cells. Many are benign, but specialist assessment is needed to determine what a mass is.
  • Germ-cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS): Abnormal germ cells that have not invaded surrounding tissue. It is a precursor condition, rather than an invasive cancer, and is usually found on tissue examination.

The type matters because seminoma and non-seminoma can behave differently and may need different follow-up or treatment.

How is a testicular mass investigated?

A doctor will ask about the change and examine the scrotum and surrounding areas. Scrotal ultrasound is the key imaging test to distinguish a solid testicular mass from other causes of swelling. Blood tests may measure alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin (β-hCG) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). These markers help with diagnosis, staging and monitoring, but normal results do not exclude testicular cancer. If cancer is suspected, further imaging—often CT scans—is used to assess whether it has spread. [6,8]

A needle biopsy through the scrotum is generally avoided when a germ-cell cancer is suspected. Diagnosis is usually confirmed by removing the affected testicle through an incision in the groin (radical inguinal orchidectomy) and examining it under a microscope. This operation is also the first treatment for most testicular cancers. [6]

Treatment options

Treatment depends on the tumour type, stage, blood-marker results, risk of recurrence, general health and the person’s priorities. Care is planned by a multidisciplinary team, usually including a urologist, medical oncologist, radiation oncologist and cancer-care nurses. Options can include: [6,9]

  • Orchidectomy: Removal of the affected testicle. For some cancers confined to the testicle, this may be the only treatment needed.
  • Active surveillance: Regular appointments, blood tests and imaging after surgery to detect any recurrence early. This is a structured treatment option, not being left without follow-up.
  • Chemotherapy: Often cisplatin-based combinations, such as BEP, for selected cancers with a higher recurrence risk or disease that has spread.
  • Radiotherapy: Used in selected seminoma cases; its role is more limited than in the past because surveillance and chemotherapy are alternatives, and long-term effects are considered.
  • Retroperitoneal lymph-node surgery: Removal of selected lymph nodes in the abdomen in particular non-seminoma situations, often when cancer remains after chemotherapy or when surgery is preferred in carefully selected cases.

The choice after orchidectomy is not the same for everyone. For early seminoma, surveillance is commonly offered; some people may consider a single dose of carboplatin. For early non-seminoma, surveillance, one cycle of chemotherapy, or (in selected cases) lymph-node surgery may be discussed. The aim is to cure the cancer while avoiding treatment that is not necessary. [6]

Fertility, hormones and life after treatment

If there is time before chemotherapy or radiotherapy, ask about sperm banking, even if you are unsure about future plans. Cancer and its treatment can affect fertility, and it is easier to discuss preservation before treatment begins. Many men retain adequate testosterone and fertility with one healthy testicle, but this is not guaranteed; hormone levels, semen quality and sexual wellbeing can be discussed with the treatment team. A testicular prosthesis can be considered before or after surgery. Follow-up also matters because recurrence and some late effects can occur after treatment. [6,9]

A Movember reminder

Movember’s message is straightforward: get to know what is normal for you, speak up if something changes, and make an appointment rather than carrying the worry alone. Testicular cancer is highly treatable, and getting a new lump assessed is a sensible step—not a reason to assume the worst. [1,5]

This article is for general education and does not replace an individual assessment by a doctor.

References

  1. Cancer Australia. Testicular cancer in Australia: statistics. Incidence estimates, age patterns, mortality and relative survival. Accessed 4 November 2026.
  2. Cancer Council Australia. Testicular cancer: causes, symptoms and treatments. Australian overview of incidence, symptoms, types, diagnosis, treatment and screening position. Accessed 4 November 2026.
  3. Ilic D, Misso ML. Screening for testicular cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;(2). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007853.pub2.
  4. Cancer Council Australia. Early detection policy: testicular cancer. Position statement on population screening and testicular self-awareness. Accessed 4 November 2026.
  5. Movember Australia. Seeing a doctor about testicles and testicular cancer; and Know Thy Nuts. Campaign information on noticing changes and seeking medical review. Accessed 4 November 2026.
  6. European Association of Urology. EAU Guidelines on Testicular Cancer (2026), including chapters on diagnostic evaluation and disease management. Accessed 4 November 2026.
  7. Cancer Australia. Types of testicular cancer. Accessed 4 November 2026.
  8. Cancer Australia. How is testicular cancer diagnosed?. Accessed 4 November 2026.
  9. Cancer Australia. Treatment options. Accessed 4 November 2026.
  10. Baade PD, Carrière P, Fritschi L. Trends in testicular germ cell cancer incidence in Australia. Cancer Causes Control. 2008;19(10):1043–1049. doi:10.1007/s10552-008-9168-z.

Masculine containment, relationships and men’s mental health

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Content note: This article discusses suicidal thoughts and suicide. If you or someone else is in immediate danger, call 000. Support contacts are provided below.

The phrase “masculine containment” appears in Alex Charfen’s podcast and work with The Brotherhood Society. Charfen describes it as staying present, aware, grounded and curious when pressure rises, especially during a difficult conversation. He asks men to notice the urge to react, defend, push back or withdraw, and to choose a more considered response. [1, 2]

The word containment can sound as if men should keep their emotions inside. For this article, it is important to distinguish emotional regulation from suppression, stonewalling or control over another person. Healthy containment means recognising and regulating your own emotions well enough to express them honestly and safely. It does not mean carrying every problem alone or accepting mistreatment.

This is a relationship and personal-development framework, not a formal clinical diagnosis or a proven stand-alone treatment for depression or suicide risk. It may offer useful language for reflecting on conflict and connection, but it does not replace mental health care, couples counselling or practical support when these are needed.

Why relationships matter to men’s wellbeing

A close relationship can be a major source of belonging, affection, daily contact and emotional support. When a relationship is distressed or ends, a man may experience grief, loneliness, fear, shame, anger, changes in family life, financial pressure or reduced contact with children. Several of these pressures may arrive together.

Some men have a small support network outside their partner. This can make a separation or a period of conflict feel like the loss of both a relationship and a main source of connection. It may also be harder to speak about vulnerability when a man believes he should be self-reliant or should already have solved the problem. These patterns do not describe every man, and they do not mean that every relationship difficulty leads to a mental health crisis.

A relationship ending is not, by itself, a diagnosis or a prediction of suicide. Suicidal distress can arise through many interacting factors, including depression, anxiety, trauma, substance use, financial stress, disability, violence, isolation and previous self-harm. Every person’s situation is different.

What Australian data tell us

In the latest ABS data available for this article, for deaths registered in 2025, problems in spousal relationship circumstances, including separation, divorce, arguments and domestic violence situations, were recorded as a risk factor in 28.6% of male suicide deaths. They were the third most commonly recorded risk factor for males overall and the most common recorded risk factor among males aged 25–44, where they appeared in 36.6% of deaths. The ABS notes that several risk factors may be recorded for one death; this is not evidence that relationship problems alone caused a death. The 2025 death figures are preliminary and may be revised as coronial investigations are completed. [3]

Recent Australian survey findings also show why a relationship breakdown can be an important time to offer support. In the Ten to Men study’s 2024–2025 survey, 30.8% of men who had experienced a relationship breakdown in the previous 12 months reported recent thoughts of being better off dead or hurting themselves, compared with 14.4% of men without a recent breakdown. Past-year suicidal thoughts were reported by 18.3% and 5.2%, respectively; past-year suicide attempts by 6.8% and 0.9%. After adjustment for other factors, recent breakdown was still associated with a higher likelihood of recent suicidal thoughts. These are group-level survey findings, not predictions about an individual, and they show an association rather than proving that the breakup caused suicidal distress. [4]

A 2025 Australian cohort study of 14,610 men found that recent relationship breakdown was associated with 82% higher odds of recent suicidal ideation after adjustment for other factors. The association did not differ by age, social support, harmful alcohol use or endorsement of self-reliance or emotional control; relationship breakdown did not predict suicidal ideation at a later survey wave once the immediate experience of suicidal ideation was taken into account. This points to the value of timely support during a period of acute distress, without treating a breakup as a certain or lasting predictor. [5]

A 2025 systematic review and meta-analysis of 75 studies from 30 countries also found higher odds of suicidal thoughts, attempts and suicide deaths among separated or divorced men compared with married men. The authors noted differences in study methods and gaps in evidence, particularly for non-marital relationships. [6]

These figures should be read with care. A percentage of deaths where a factor was recorded is not the same as a suicide rate among separated men. Neither statistic says that a partner is responsible for a suicide, or that a person experiencing a breakup will become suicidal. The practical message is that relationship distress can mark a period when compassionate check-ins and accessible support are especially important.

Where containment may help in a relationship

Conflict can quickly become a loop. One person raises a concern; the other feels criticised and becomes defensive, argues, tries to fix the issue immediately or shuts down. The first person may then feel ignored or unsafe and push harder. Both can end up more isolated, even when each wants connection.

The containment idea asks a man to notice his own part in that moment. For example:

  1. Notice the pressure. What is happening in your body? Are you tightening, raising your voice, interrupting, feeling an urge to leave, or preparing a counterargument?
  2. Pause before responding. Take a breath or ask for a short break if you need one. Agree on when you will return to the conversation so the pause does not become indefinite withdrawal.
  3. Name what is happening for you. “I’m getting defensive because I feel criticised. I want to understand what you’re saying.”
  4. Listen to understand. Reflect back the concern before explaining your view. Ask what the other person needs you to understand.
  5. Speak honestly and set a boundary. Staying calm does not require agreeing with everything, taking responsibility for another adult’s emotions, or remaining in an unsafe conversation.
  6. Repair and follow through. If you have hurt someone, acknowledge the impact, apologise without qualification and make a practical change. If you need help with recurring conflict, consider a GP, psychologist or relationship counsellor.

This is not a demand that men should be endlessly calm while others express emotion. Relationships require mutual respect, responsibility and room for both people’s experience. Containment should never be used to silence a partner, excuse coercion or violence, or pressure someone to stay in a harmful relationship. If there is abuse or fear for safety, prioritise safety and seek specialist support.

Containment is not the same as bottling things up

Keeping distress hidden may sometimes look like composure from the outside. A man might instead become irritable, withdraw from friends, work excessively, take more risks, use more alcohol or drugs, or feel unable to sleep. These changes are not proof of depression, but a persistent change from someone’s usual behaviour is a reason to check in.

Research on masculinity and emotion regulation describes a complex relationship: expectations about toughness and self-reliance may affect how some men respond to emotions, but masculinity is not one fixed thing and does not affect every man in the same way. A recent scoping review found that stronger conformity to some masculine norms was associated with lower psychological help-seeking and treatment engagement, while also recommending strength-based approaches that build on men’s values and capacities. [7]

A small Australian qualitative study of 22 men aged 19–30 who had experienced a breakup described how grief, sadness, anger and other emotions could build into overwhelm for some. Participants also described recovery through different strategies, including expression, social support and giving attention to their own needs. This study offers insight into experiences; its small sample cannot represent every man or relationship. [8]

In practice, healthy containment can include saying: “I’m not coping as well as I’ve let on.” It can mean tolerating the discomfort of a vulnerable conversation, asking for help, and letting trusted people support you. Reaching out is not a failure of self-control; it is one way to take responsibility for your wellbeing.

How to check in with a man who may be struggling

A friend, brother, colleague or family member does not need perfect words. Notice a change and ask directly: “You haven’t seemed yourself lately. How are things really going?” Listen without rushing to judge or solve everything. If you are concerned about suicide, ask clearly whether he is thinking about suicide. Stay with him, help him connect with a health professional or crisis service, and involve someone he trusts. If there is immediate danger, call 000.

If you are the man going through relationship pain, try not to make one person your only source of support. Tell someone you trust what is happening. A GP can help assess mood, sleep, alcohol or drug use, safety and treatment options. A psychologist or counsellor can help with grief, emotional regulation, relationship patterns and recovery after separation.

Support in Australia

  • Immediate danger: call 000 or go to an emergency department.
  • Lifeline: 13 11 14, 24 hours a day (lifeline.org.au).
  • Suicide Call Back Service: 1300 659 467, 24/7 telephone and online counselling (suicidecallbackservice.org.au).
  • MensLine Australia: 1300 78 99 78, telephone and online counselling for men (mensline.org.au).
  • 1800RESPECT: 1800 737 732 for confidential support regarding domestic, family and sexual violence (1800respect.org.au).
  • Your GP: a practical first point of contact for mental health assessment and referrals.

A steadier kind of strength

Masculine containment, as Alex Charfen discusses it, is best understood as a prompt to take responsibility for one’s own reactions while staying emotionally present with others. Its value is not in asking men to suppress pain or manage a partner. It is in making room for honesty, listening, boundaries, repair and help-seeking.

That kind of presence can support healthier relationships. It can also help a man recognise when a relationship problem has become part of a larger mental health crisis and reach for support before he is alone with it.

This article provides general information and is not a substitute for individual medical, psychological or relationship advice.

References

  1. Alex Charfen. The Masculine Containment Podcast, episode 2, “Masculine Containment Defined: The Missing Discipline for Modern Men.”
  2. Alex Charfen. Masculine Containment: official overview and podcast; see also What Is Masculine Containment? with Alex Charfen.
  3. Australian Bureau of Statistics. Intentional self-harm (suicide) deaths, 2025. Preliminary registered-death data; see male risk factors by age.
  4. Gasser C, Scurrah K, Woldegiorgis M, et al. Intimate partner relationship breakdown and the risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviours in men. Ten to Men Snapshot Series no. 5. Australian Institute of Family Studies; 2026.
  5. Wilson MJ, Mansour K, Seidler ZE, et al. Intimate partner relationship breakdown and suicidal ideation in a large representative cohort of Australian men. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2025;372:618–626. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.12.071.
  6. Wilson MJ, Scott AJ, Pilkington V, et al. Suicidality in men following relationship breakdown: a systematic review and meta-analysis of global data. Psychological Bulletin. 2025;151(7):819–860. doi:10.1037/bul0000482.
  7. Burns L, Olive L, Turner A, et al. The role of gender norm conformity in men’s psychological help-seeking and treatment engagement: a scoping review. Journal of Mental Health. 2026;35(2):230–248. doi:10.1080/09638237.2025.2512304.
  8. Wilson MJ, Oliffe JL, Macdonald JA, et al. Young men and relationship breakdown: a grounded theory. Qualitative Health Research. 2025. doi:10.1177/10497323251398369.

Movember: Men’s mental health

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Movember: Men’s mental health and suicide prevention in Australia

Content note: This article discusses suicide. If you are in immediate danger, call 000. Support contacts are listed below.

Movember gives us a visible reminder to talk about men’s health. The moustache can start a conversation, but the more important work is noticing when someone is struggling, listening without judgement and helping them connect with support.

Mental health difficulties are common, treatable and not a personal failure. Suicide is complex: it rarely has one cause, and a difficult period does not mean a person is destined to reach crisis. Timely support, connection and practical help can make a difference.

The Australian picture

The latest Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) release available for this article covers deaths registered in 2025. It recorded 3,283 deaths by suicide, including 2,425 males—73.9% of the total. The male age-standardised rate was 17.3 deaths per 100,000 males. The 2025 figures are preliminary and may be revised as coronial investigations are completed. [1]

Age-standardised rates allow comparisons between populations with different age structures. The age-specific rates below are deaths per 100,000 people in the same age group; they describe population patterns, not an individual’s likelihood of suicide.

Age group Male suicide rate in 2025 (per 100,000) What the ABS reported about recorded risk factors
15–24 9.5–18.1 (15–19: 9.5; 20–24: 18.1) Suicide ideation was the most commonly recorded risk factor for people under 25. For children aged 5–17, recorded factors also included education, family and peer relationships, social environment and prior self-harm.
25–44 19.7–26.0 (25–29: 19.7; 30–34: 23.1; 35–39: 26.0; 40–44: 23.3) Relationship circumstances were the most commonly recorded risk factor in this age range. Psychoactive substance use was also frequently recorded.
45–64 23.0–26.8 (45–49 was the peak at 26.8) Mood disorders, including depression, were the most commonly recorded risk factor for people aged 45–84.
65–84 16.2–22.8 Rates varied across these age bands; mood disorders were commonly recorded. Illness, pain and disability may also affect wellbeing and quality of life.
85 and over 24.9 Limitation of activities due to illness or disability was the most commonly recorded risk factor in this age group.

These age bands summarise the ABS’s five-year age data. In 2025, the highest male age-specific rate was among men aged 45–49 (26.8 per 100,000); the largest proportion of male deaths occurred among men aged 35–39 (10.7%). Both figures matter, but they measure different things. [1]

The ABS also records risk factors mentioned in preliminary death registrations. In 2025, the most frequently recorded factors across all people who died by suicide were mood disorders (35.8%), suicidal ideation (30.7%), problems in spousal relationship circumstances (26.7%), a personal history of self-harm (24.3%), and anxiety or stress-related disorders (21.9%). Several factors can be recorded for one person. These are not proof that any single factor caused a death, and the data may change as investigations are finalised. [1]

Mental health concerns can look different from one man to another

In the ABS National Study of Mental Health and Wellbeing, conducted in 2020–2022, 18.3% of males aged 16–85 reported a 12-month mental disorder. Anxiety disorders were reported by 13.3%, affective disorders (including depression) by 6.5%, and substance-use disorders by 4.4%. The equivalent substance-use figure for females was 2.1%. The survey found the highest prevalence of any 12-month mental disorder among males aged 16–24 (32.4%); prevalence declined across older age groups. These are survey estimates, not current-year suicide rates, and they do not mean that everyone with a mental disorder is suicidal. [2]

Depression and anxiety may involve persistent low mood, loss of interest, worry, panic, irritability, poor concentration, sleep changes or feeling overwhelmed. Some men describe distress mainly through anger, pulling away from family or friends, working excessively, taking more risks, or relying more heavily on alcohol or other drugs. These signs are not a diagnosis, but a lasting change from someone’s usual self is a good reason to check in. [3]

There is no single cause

Mental health and suicide risk develop through an interaction of individual, social and economic circumstances. A person may be affected by one issue or many at once. Factors that can contribute to distress include:

  • depression, anxiety, trauma, other mental health conditions or a previous episode of self-harm;
  • relationship conflict, separation, family stress, loneliness or bereavement;
  • financial pressure, unemployment, job insecurity, workplace stress or legal problems;
  • harmful alcohol or other drug use, which can worsen mood, judgement and coping;
  • chronic illness, pain, disability, sleep problems or loss of independence;
  • discrimination, bullying, violence, social exclusion or barriers to culturally safe care;
  • limited social support, or feeling unable to ask for help.

These are possible contributors, not a checklist that predicts what one person will do. A 2025 analysis of the Australian Ten to Men longitudinal study found that the onset of suicidal thoughts was associated with depressive symptoms, disability, financial stress, lower education, sexual orientation and a history of partner violence. The study also found that suicidal thoughts remitted for many men over time, an important reminder that suicidal thinking can change and support can help. Associations in a study do not establish that a factor causes an outcome. [4]

Ideas about having to cope alone or always appear strong can make it harder for some men to talk openly or seek help. This is not true of every man, and strength, responsibility and care for others can also support recovery. A 2025 Australian review found a broad range of formal and informal services for men, while noting that evidence about their effectiveness remains uneven. Services are more useful when they are accessible, respectful and responsive to the person in front of them. [5]

How to support a mate, partner or family member

Movember shares the ALEC approach, developed by R U OK?, as a simple guide for a supportive conversation: [6]

  • Ask how he is going and mention a change you have noticed: “You haven’t seemed yourself lately. How are things really going?”
  • Listen without judgement or rushing to solve everything. Give him time to speak.
  • Encourage action: offer to help contact a GP, counsellor or trusted person, or to go with him to an appointment.
  • Check in again. A message or planned catch-up can show that your support continues after the first conversation.

If you are worried he may be thinking about suicide, ask clearly and calmly whether he is thinking about suicide. Take the answer seriously. You do not need to manage the situation alone: involve a trusted person and contact a crisis service or health professional. If there is immediate danger, call 000 or go to an emergency department.

Getting help in Australia

  • Immediate danger: call 000 or attend an emergency department.
  • Lifeline: call 13 11 14 for 24/7 crisis support. [7]
  • Suicide Call Back Service: call 1300 659 467 for 24/7 telephone and online counselling. [8]
  • MensLine Australia: call 1300 78 99 78 for telephone and online counselling for men. [9]
  • Beyond Blue: call 1300 22 4636 for mental health support and information. [10]
  • Your GP: can discuss symptoms, safety, treatment options and referrals. If you are not sure where to start, a GP appointment is a practical first step.

If you are supporting someone, stay connected and help them access care. If you are struggling yourself, you deserve support too. You do not have to wait until things feel unbearable before reaching out.

A Movember conversation can matter

Movember’s focus on prevention, early intervention and social connection is a useful invitation to check in, not only during November, but throughout the year. The first conversation does not need to be perfect. Ask, listen, help with one next step and follow up.

This article is general information and is not a substitute for individual medical or mental health advice.

References

  1. Australian Bureau of Statistics. Intentional self-harm (suicide) deaths, 2025. Preliminary registered-death data; includes age-specific rates and risk factors.
  2. Australian Bureau of Statistics. National Study of Mental Health and Wellbeing, 2020–2022.
  3. Movember. Spot the signs of poor mental health.
  4. Haregu T, Armstrong G. Understanding the onset and remission of suicidal thoughts in Australian men: Findings from the Ten to Men study. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2025. doi:10.1177/00048674251333572.
  5. Slade A, Reily NM, Fujimoto H, et al. Men’s mental health and suicide prevention service landscape in Australia: a scoping review. BMC Public Health. 2025;25:1593. doi:10.1186/s12889-025-22676-6.
  6. Movember. ALEC conversation strategy. Movember credits R U OK? for developing the ALEC model.
  7. Lifeline Australia. Lifeline Crisis Support.
  8. Suicide Call Back Service. Get support.
  9. MensLine Australia. Contact MensLine.
  10. Beyond Blue. Men’s mental health.